Makalu
Makalu, the fifth highest mountain in the world, is a majestic peak that straddles the border between Nepal and China. Located in the Mahalangur section of the Himalayas, Makalu is renowned for its striking pyramid-like shape and its four sharp ridges. It is considered one of the most challenging mountains to climb due to its steep pitches and knife-edged ridges that are open to the elements.
The northern side of Makalu lies within Tibet, a historical region in China known for its vibrant culture and expansive landscapes. On the other side, Makalu’s southern slope extends into Nepal’s territory, contributing to the country’s reputation as home to some of the world’s highest and most awe-inspiring peaks. This makes Makalu not only a geographical wonder but also a symbol of the natural beauty that both Nepal and China share.
The region surrounding Makalu is rich with biodiversity. The area is protected by the Makalu Barun National Park in Nepal, which is an integral part of the Sacred Himalayan Landscape. This park spans across five major ecological zones, from the tropical forests along the Arun River to the icy mountain summits.
Moreover, Makalu is part of the Koshi basin, one of South Asia’s largest river basins. The Koshi River, which originates in Tibet, meanders through eastern Nepal before flowing into India. The basin is a crucial source of water for millions of people and is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna.
Makalu is more than just a mountain; it is a symbol of unity between Nepal and China, a testament to the grandeur of the Himalayas, and an epicenter of biodiversity within the Koshi basin. Its complex topography and ecological significance make it one of the most fascinating peaks in the world.
Fast Facts
Country: Nepal, China
State/Province: Tibet, Koshi
Mountain Range: Mahalangur Himalaya
Parents: Mahalangur Himal, Himalayas
Elevation: 27,825 feet / 8,481 meters
Prominence: 7,828 feet / 2,386 meters
Isolation: 11 miles / 17 kilometers
Nearest Higher Neighbor (NHN): Lhotse
First Ascent: May 15th, 1955 by Lionel Terray and Jean Couzy led by Jean Franco’s French expedition.
Fun Fact: Makalu is the fifth highest mountain in the world! It is considered to be one of the most difficult climbs in the world.
Best Time to Visit: Hikers are recommended to visit Makalu, which receives large amounts of rain and snow, during the months of October and November.
Base Camp Trail: Hikers can take the Makalu Base Camp Trail starting from the south of the mountain. It is known to be a very difficult hike.
Mountain Trails: For an even more difficult climb than the base camp trail, adventurous climbers can take the Great Himalaya Trail from Kanchenjunga to Everest, which requires technical mountaineering skills and leads hikers into the upper Barun Valley and over the high passes of the treacherous Three Cols.
Flora and Fauna
Straddling the border between Nepal and China in the heart of the Himalayas, the Makalu region boasts an impressive diversity of flora and fauna. The area encompasses a variety of climatic zones, from tropical to arctic, and this varied ecology supports a wide array of life forms. The Makalu region, with its rugged topography and pristine ecosystems, is a treasure trove of biological diversity.
The flora of Makalu is as diverse as the terrain itself. The lower elevations are lush with subtropical forests where rhododendrons, orchids, and magnolia plants thrive. As one ascends, the vegetation changes to coniferous forests of fir, pine, and birch. In the alpine zones, hardy shrubs and mosses are common, while above the tree line, one can find an array of flowers adapted to the harsh conditions, including edelweiss, snow lotus and various species of primula. This varied flora offers a mosaic of colors and shapes that contrast beautifully with the starkly rugged backdrop of the Himalayas.
The fauna in Makalu is equally impressive. From large mammals such as snow leopards, red pandas, musk deer, and Himalayan tahr to over 400 species of birds including pheasants, partridges, and sunbirds; Makalu is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The region also hosts a diverse range of reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, moths, and other insects that contribute to the rich biodiversity.
The Makalu region is not just a paradise for plant and animal life but also a vital source of livelihood for local communities who depend on these resources for their survival. However, this biodiversity is under threat due to climate change and increasing human activities. It is therefore crucial to prioritize conservation efforts to preserve this unique ecological wealth for future generations.
Makalu stands as an emblem of the resplendent beauty and rich biodiversity of the Himalayas. Its extraordinary range of flora and fauna highlight the region’s ecological significance and underscore the urgent need for its protection.
Trails
Makalu, the fifth highest mountain in the world, is nestled between the borders of Nepal and China. This illustrious peak of the Himalayas stands majestically at an elevation of 8,463 meters. It is a popular destination for trekkers and mountaineers worldwide due to its pristine beauty and challenging terrain. The region surrounding Makalu offers a plethora of trails, each with its unique allure and level of difficulty.
One of the best trails near Makalu is undoubtedly the Makalu Base Camp Trek. This route takes trekkers through the heart of the Makalu Barun National Park in Nepal, offering a stunning panorama of lush landscapes and rugged terrains. The trail provides an excellent opportunity to witness the biodiversity of the region, including several rare and endangered species.
Another impressive trail in this region is the Three Passes Trek, which includes crossing three high passes in the Everest region – Kongma La, Cho La, and Renjo La. Though this trek is considered challenging, it rewards adventurers with unparalleled views of Makalu and other peaks in the Himalayas.
For those seeking a more secluded experience, the Lumba Sumba Pass Trek is an excellent choice. This trail navigates through remote parts of Nepal and China, providing trekkers with an authentic Himalayan experience. The route passes through traditional Tibetan villages and untouched alpine forests, making it a haven for culture enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Whether you’re an experienced trekker or a novice adventurer, the trails near Makalu offer something for everyone. From challenging ascents to tranquil walks amidst nature’s bounty, these routes provide an unmatchable experience of traversing through one of the most beautiful regions in the Himalayas.
External Links
Philippe Gatta – Great post on a Makalu expedition with photos
Climbing.com – “Moro, Urubko Summit Makalu in Winter”
