Azerbaijan contains one of the most varied mountain landscapes in the South Caucasus. Snow-covered summits rise above the country’s northern border, volcanic uplands extend across the west, ancient forests cover the humid southeastern slopes, and isolated rocky mountains dominate the interior of Nakhchivan.
Approximately 60 percent of Azerbaijan is classified as mountainous. The country’s elevation ranges from areas along the Caspian Sea that lie below sea level to the summit of Mount Bazardüzü at 4,466 meters (14,652 feet).
Although Azerbaijan is often associated with the Caspian coast and the semi-arid landscapes surrounding Baku, its mountain regions include alpine meadows, glaciers, waterfalls, deep gorges, forested valleys, highland villages, ski areas, and challenging mountaineering routes.
🏔️ Overview of Azerbaijan’s Mountains
Azerbaijan lies in the South Caucasus, at the geographical meeting point of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Its mountains belong to several distinct systems rather than a single continuous range.
The country’s principal mountain regions are:
- The Greater Caucasus in northern and northeastern Azerbaijan
- The Lesser Caucasus in western and southwestern Azerbaijan
- The Talysh Mountains in the southeast
- The Zangezur and Daralayaz ranges in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
- The Karabakh volcanic highland west of the Kura–Araz Lowland
The Greater Caucasus contains Azerbaijan’s highest and most heavily glaciated peaks. The Lesser Caucasus includes broad ridges, volcanic plateaus, forests, and mountain lakes. The Talysh Mountains are lower but support exceptionally rich temperate forests, while Nakhchivan contains some of the country’s driest and most dramatic rocky landscapes.
⚡ Fast Facts
| Feature | Information |
|---|---|
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Region | South Caucasus |
| Continental classification | Commonly associated with both Europe and Western Asia |
| Highest mountain | Mount Bazardüzü |
| Highest elevation | 4,466 m / 14,652 ft |
| Second-highest major summit | Mount Shahdagh |
| Principal mountain systems | Greater Caucasus, Lesser Caucasus and Talysh Mountains |
| Major Nakhchivan ranges | Zangezur and Daralayaz |
| Approximate mountainous area | 60 percent of the country |
| Highest terrain | Northern Greater Caucasus |
| Major mountain parks | Shahdag, Göygöl, Hirkan and Zangezur national parks |
| Typical high-mountain season | Late June through September |
| Popular activities | Hiking, mountaineering, skiing, wildlife watching and village trekking |
English spellings vary considerably. Bazardüzü may also appear as Bazarduzu or Bazar Dyuzi, while Shahdagh is commonly written Shahdag. Qapıcıq may appear under the Armenian-derived name Kaputjugh.
🗺️ Major Mountain Regions of Azerbaijan
The Greater Caucasus
The Greater Caucasus forms Azerbaijan’s northern mountain wall. It extends along the border with Russia’s Republic of Dagestan before gradually declining toward the Caspian Sea.
This is the country’s highest and most rugged mountain region. Its landscape includes:
- Summits above 4,000 meters
- Glaciers and permanent snowfields
- Deep river valleys
- Limestone cliffs
- Alpine and subalpine meadows
- High mountain villages
- Steep rocky ridges
The Greater Caucasus is divided into several parallel ridges. Mount Bazardüzü rises along the Main Caucasus, or Watershed Range, while Mount Shahdagh belongs to the adjoining lateral mountain system.
Important Greater Caucasus peaks include Bazardüzü, Shahdagh, Tufandag, Bazaryurd, Yarudag, Ragdan, Babadag and Gizilgaya.
Mount Bazardüzü
Mount Bazardüzü is the highest mountain in Azerbaijan, reaching 4,466 meters (14,652 feet). It stands on the international border between Azerbaijan and Russia.
The mountain is one of the most topographically prominent summits in the Caucasus. Its upper slopes contain snowfields, glacial terrain, cirques and extensive areas of broken rock.
Most Azerbaijani approaches begin from the remote northern highlands, often using the area around Khinalig as a staging point. Because Bazardüzü stands close to an international border and within a protected region, climbers require advance authorization.
The standard summer ascent is not normally considered a highly technical climb under favorable conditions. Nevertheless, altitude, snow, loose terrain, rapidly changing weather and the mountain’s remote location make it a serious expedition.
Mount Shahdagh
Mount Shahdagh rises to 4,243 meters (13,921 feet), making it one of Azerbaijan’s highest mountains.
Its name can be translated as “King Mountain.” The summit is formed largely from limestone and dolomite, giving it an imposing profile of layered cliffs, steep faces and broad upper slopes.
The mountain should not be confused with the nearby Shahdag Mountain Resort. The resort provides skiing, lifts, hotels and recreational activities, but reaching the actual summit of Mount Shahdagh is a separate mountaineering undertaking.
The wider region is protected within Shahdag National Park, Azerbaijan’s largest national park.
Mount Tufandag
Mount Tufandag reaches approximately 4,191 meters (13,750 feet). Its name means “Storm Mountain,” an appropriate description of a summit exposed to severe winds, snowfall and sudden changes in weather.
Tufandag lies near several other major Greater Caucasus peaks. Small high-altitude lakes, snowfields, glacial landforms and rocky ridges occur around the mountain.
A separate tourist complex called Tufandag Mountain Resort is located near Gabala. As with Shahdag, the resort and the remote high summit should not be treated as the same destination.
Babadag
Babadag reaches approximately 3,629 meters (11,906 feet). Although lower than Azerbaijan’s 4,000-meter mountains, it is one of the country’s most culturally important summits.
The mountain has long been associated with pilgrimage traditions. Visitors climb toward a sacred site near the upper mountain, and the journey carries religious and cultural significance for many local communities.
Babadag is also notable for its exposed ridges, broad views and distinctive position above the surrounding valleys.
Mountain Villages of the Greater Caucasus
Some of Azerbaijan’s most memorable mountain landscapes are found around villages rather than on major summits.
Khinalig
Khinalig is one of the highest permanently inhabited villages in the Caucasus. It occupies a dramatic position above deep river valleys, surrounded by high ridges and alpine pasture.
The village is known for its distinctive language, traditional stone construction and centuries of relative geographical isolation.
Khinalig serves as a base for several hiking routes and is commonly used as an approach point for expeditions toward the northern high mountains.
Laza
Laza lies beneath the cliffs and ridges of the Greater Caucasus near Qusar. The surrounding landscape contains waterfalls, narrow valleys, grass-covered slopes and striking rock walls.
Hikes from Laza can connect with neighboring villages and valleys, although conditions range from straightforward walking to steep and poorly marked mountain terrain.
Griz and Galakhudat
Griz and Galakhudat are additional highland settlements surrounded by cliffs, gorges and seasonal waterfalls. Village-to-village routes in this area offer an alternative to summit climbing and provide a closer view of traditional mountain life.
🏔️ Field Guide Tip: Distances between mountain villages may appear short on a map, but deep gorges and steep ridges can make routes much longer than expected. Confirm the trail, transport arrangements and river conditions locally before setting out.
The Lesser Caucasus
The Lesser Caucasus occupies much of western and southwestern Azerbaijan. Its mountains are generally lower than the highest Greater Caucasus summits, but the region contains extensive ridges, forests, volcanic uplands and deeply cut river valleys.
Important components include:
- Murovdag Range
- Shahdag Range of the Lesser Caucasus
- Karabakh volcanic highland
- Eastern sections of the Lesser Caucasus uplands
- Mountains surrounding Göygöl and western Azerbaijan
Some of these mountain areas are close to sensitive borders or territories affected by past conflict. Access should never be assumed simply because a trail or mountain appears on a map.
The Murovdag Range
Murovdag is one of the principal ranges of the Lesser Caucasus. It extends across western Azerbaijan and forms a long, elevated barrier between river basins.
Its highest summit is Gamishdag, which reaches approximately 3,724 meters (12,218 feet).
The range contains:
- High grasslands
- Rocky crests
- Forested lower slopes
- Mountain lakes
- Snow-covered winter ridges
- Important watersheds
Murovdag has substantial geographical and strategic importance. Several areas have experienced conflict, military activity and restricted access, making independent recreational travel inappropriate in many locations.
Mount Kapaz and Lake Göygöl
Mount Kapaz is one of Azerbaijan’s most recognizable mountains. It rises to approximately 3,066 meters (10,059 feet) above the forests and lakes of Göygöl National Park.
The present landscape was dramatically altered by a powerful earthquake in 1139. Rockfalls blocked local waterways and contributed to the formation of Lake Göygöl and several smaller lakes.
Today, the dark rocky summit of Kapaz forms a striking backdrop above the blue-green waters of Göygöl.
The national park protects mountain forests, lakes, meadows and wildlife habitats. Visitor access may be limited to designated areas, and climbing the main summit should not be assumed to be permitted simply because the lower park is open.
The Karabakh Volcanic Highland
The Karabakh volcanic highland extends south of the Murovdag system toward the Araz River. Its terrain was created partly through repeated volcanic activity, producing broad uplands, lava formations, volcanic cones and elevated grasslands.
Notable summits and uplands in the wider region include:
- Delidag
- Böyük Işıqlı
- Qızılboğaz
- Volcanic plateaus around Kalbajar and Lachin
Although the scenery has considerable potential for hiking and nature tourism, many areas remain affected by landmines, unexploded ordnance, damaged infrastructure and controlled access.
Travelers should not leave approved roads or enter undeveloped mountain terrain in these regions without explicit official authorization and reliable local guidance.
The Mountains of Nakhchivan
The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is geographically separated from the main territory of Azerbaijan. It contains some of the country’s driest, most colorful and geologically distinctive mountain scenery.
The principal ranges are the Zangezur and Daralayaz mountains.
Qapıcıq
Qapıcıq, also known as Kaputjugh, reaches approximately 3,904 meters (12,808 feet). It is the highest mountain in Nakhchivan and one of the highest summits of the Lesser Caucasus region.
The mountain lies along the border with Armenia. Because of its border position, it should not be considered a conventional hiking or climbing destination.
The nearby highlands are also known for the Gamigaya petroglyphs, a major collection of ancient rock carvings depicting animals, people, symbols and hunting scenes.
Ilandag
Ilandag, meaning “Snake Mountain,” is one of Nakhchivan’s most distinctive natural landmarks. Its steep, angular silhouette rises dramatically above the surrounding dry valleys.
The mountain reaches approximately 2,415 meters (7,923 feet). Although it is far lower than Qapıcıq, its isolation and sharp profile make it visually imposing.
Local traditions connect Ilandag with stories surrounding Noah and the biblical flood, reflecting Nakhchivan’s strong association with Noah legends.
Alinja Mountain
Alinja Mountain is best known for Alinja Castle, a fortress constructed on its steep rocky slopes.
A long stone staircase now leads toward the restored fortress. The ascent is strenuous in warm weather, but it provides broad views over Nakhchivan’s dry mountain ranges and valleys.
The site combines a mountain walk with medieval history and is considerably more accessible than the region’s high border summits.
The Talysh Mountains
The Talysh Mountains rise in southeastern Azerbaijan near the border with Iran. They form a completely different landscape from the cold, exposed summits of the Greater Caucasus.
Although their elevations remain below approximately 2,500 meters, the Talysh Mountains receive far more moisture than most other parts of Azerbaijan.
The region contains:
- Dense broadleaf forest
- Humid mountain valleys
- Waterfalls and streams
- Hot springs
- Relict plant communities
- Subtropical foothills
- Temperate upper slopes
The forests belong to the ancient Caspian Hyrcanian ecosystem, which extends from southeastern Azerbaijan into northern Iran.
Parts of Azerbaijan’s Hyrcanian forests within Hirkan National Park are included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site covering this exceptional forest region.
📏 Highest and Most Notable Mountains in Azerbaijan
The following table includes selected major summits. It is not a complete ranking, and some elevations differ slightly between maps and reference systems.
| Mountain | Elevation | Mountain region | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mount Bazardüzü | 4,466 m / 14,652 ft | Greater Caucasus | Highest mountain in Azerbaijan |
| Mount Shahdagh | 4,243 m / 13,921 ft | Greater Caucasus | Major limestone summit |
| Mount Tufandag | 4,191 m / 13,750 ft | Greater Caucasus | One of the country’s three highest major peaks |
| Mount Bazaryurd | 4,126 m / 13,537 ft | Greater Caucasus | High border-region summit |
| Mount Yarudag | 4,116 m / 13,504 ft | Greater Caucasus | Major summit near the Russian border |
| Mount Ragdan | About 4,020 m / 13,189 ft | Greater Caucasus | High summit in northern Azerbaijan |
| Qapıcıq / Kaputjugh | About 3,904 m / 12,808 ft | Zangezur Mountains | Highest mountain in Nakhchivan |
| Gamishdag | About 3,724 m / 12,218 ft | Murovdag Range | Highest summit of Murovdag |
| Babadag | About 3,629 m / 11,906 ft | Greater Caucasus | Sacred and culturally important mountain |
| Goshgar | About 3,361 m / 11,027 ft | Lesser Caucasus | Major western Azerbaijani summit |
| Mount Kapaz | About 3,066 m / 10,059 ft | Lesser Caucasus | Landmark above Lake Göygöl |
| Ilandag | About 2,415 m / 7,923 ft | Nakhchivan | Distinctive isolated rocky mountain |
🪨 Geology of Azerbaijan’s Mountains
Azerbaijan’s mountains formed through a complicated history of tectonic compression, uplift, folding, volcanic activity and erosion.
The continuing convergence of the Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates helped raise the Caucasus region. Earthquakes remain an important part of this active geological environment.
The principal mountain regions have different geological characteristics.
Greater Caucasus Geology
Much of the Azerbaijani Greater Caucasus consists of sedimentary rocks dating from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
Limestone, shale, sandstone and related rocks have been folded, uplifted and deeply eroded. This process created:
- Layered cliffs
- Narrow gorges
- Sharp ridges
- Rockfall-prone slopes
- Caves and karst features
Glaciers and past ice cover further shaped the highest peaks.
Lesser Caucasus Geology
The Lesser Caucasus contains a mixture of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Ancient volcanic activity created lava plateaus, volcanic cones and extensive uplands.
The Karabakh highland is especially notable for its volcanic foundations.
Talysh Geology
The Talysh Mountains consist mainly of younger sedimentary and volcanic formations. Heavy rainfall and dense vegetation often conceal the underlying rocks, producing rounded, forested slopes rather than exposed alpine summits.
Mud Volcanoes
Azerbaijan is internationally known for its mud volcanoes. Most are not true mountains created by molten rock. Instead, they form when pressurized gases, water and fine sediments rise toward the surface.
The greatest concentrations occur around Gobustan, the Absheron Peninsula and the Caspian lowlands rather than within the country’s highest mountain chains.
🧊 Glaciers and Snowfields
Azerbaijan contains small glaciers and persistent snowfields in the highest part of the Greater Caucasus.
Glacial features occur around mountains such as:
- Bazardüzü
- Shahdagh
- Tufandag
- Bazaryurd
These glaciers are much smaller than those of the central and western Caucasus. Nevertheless, they are important sources of mountain water and evidence of the colder conditions that shaped the region during earlier glacial periods.
Climate change has contributed to glacier retreat throughout the Caucasus. Routes that cross permanent snow or glacial terrain should therefore be evaluated using current information rather than older descriptions.
🌿 Flora and Fauna
Azerbaijan’s elevation range and contrasting climates support exceptionally varied mountain habitats.
Greater Caucasus Wildlife
The northern highlands contain alpine meadow, rocky mountain habitat, forest and high-elevation snowfields.
Animals associated with these environments include:
- East Caucasian tur
- Chamois
- Brown bear
- Gray wolf
- Eurasian lynx
- Wild boar
- Golden eagle
- Bearded vulture
- Caucasian snowcock
The East Caucasian tur is especially characteristic of the eastern Greater Caucasus. It is adapted to cliffs and steep rocky slopes where few large mammals can travel easily.
Lesser Caucasus Wildlife
The forests and highlands of western Azerbaijan support bears, wolves, roe deer, wild boar, raptors and numerous woodland bird species.
Bezoar goats inhabit some dry and rocky mountain regions, particularly toward Nakhchivan and the southern Caucasus.
Hyrcanian Forest Wildlife
The Talysh Mountains support a very different ecological community.
The ancient Hyrcanian forests contain ironwood, chestnut-leaved oak, beech, hornbeam and numerous relict plant species. Wildlife includes forest birds, wild boar, wolves, bears and other mammals adapted to dense woodland.
The wider southern Caucasus and Hyrcanian region also provides habitat for the extremely rare Persian leopard, although sightings are exceptional.
🥾 Hiking and Climbing in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan offers several distinct types of mountain travel.
Village-to-Village Hiking
The highland villages around Quba and Qusar provide some of the country’s most rewarding walking routes.
Popular areas include:
- Khinalig
- Galakhudat
- Griz
- Laza
- Kuzun
- Mountain valleys around Shahdag National Park
These routes combine natural scenery with traditional villages, grazing lands, waterfalls and views of the Greater Caucasus.
Trail marking and bridge conditions can vary. A guide is valuable where paths cross rivers, enter isolated valleys or pass close to protected and border areas.
High-Altitude Mountaineering
Bazardüzü, Shahdagh and Tufandag are serious high-mountain objectives.
Climbers should be prepared for:
- Altitude above 4,000 meters
- Strong winds
- Snow and ice
- Loose sedimentary rock
- Limited rescue infrastructure
- Border and national-park permits
- Remote camps
- Rapid weather changes
A reputable local mountain guide can arrange permissions, transportation, route planning and camp logistics.
Göygöl and Kapaz
Göygöl National Park provides a more accessible introduction to the Lesser Caucasus. The lake, forests and views of Mount Kapaz are the principal attractions.
Visitors should follow designated access rules. Protected-area regulations may restrict hiking beyond developed visitor zones.
Talysh Mountain Walks
The Talysh region is best suited to forest walks, birdwatching, village visits and nature excursions rather than high-altitude climbing.
Rain, mud, dense vegetation and humidity can make paths surprisingly demanding. A local guide can help identify permitted routes through or near protected areas.
Nakhchivan
Nakhchivan offers dry-climate hiking, geological scenery and historic mountain sites.
Alinja Castle is among the most straightforward mountain attractions. Expeditions toward higher or border-adjacent summits require much more planning and may not be permitted.
🎿 Skiing and Winter Recreation
Azerbaijan has developed several winter recreation areas in the Greater Caucasus.
Shahdag Mountain Resort
Shahdag Mountain Resort near Qusar is the country’s largest ski destination. It offers lifts, groomed slopes, accommodation and other winter activities.
The resort also operates during warmer months with hiking, cycling and recreational attractions.
Tufandag Mountain Resort
Tufandag Mountain Resort near Gabala provides ski slopes, cable cars and views across the surrounding Caucasus foothills.
Winter conditions vary by year, so snow reports and lift operations should be checked before traveling.
🌤️ Best Time to Visit
The best season depends on the region and elevation.
April to June
Spring is well suited to lower valleys, forested foothills and cultural sites. Wildflowers appear, rivers carry more water and the high summits remain snow-covered.
Heavy snow may still block upper routes.
July and August
Mid-summer is the main season for high-altitude trekking and mountaineering.
Even during summer, temperatures can fall below freezing at high camps. Thunderstorms, hail, dense cloud and strong wind remain possible.
September and October
Early autumn frequently brings clear skies and cooler hiking conditions. Forested areas around Göygöl, Sheki and the Talysh Mountains can be especially attractive.
Snow may return to the high Greater Caucasus during September.
December to March
Winter is the principal skiing season. Travel beyond developed resorts requires avalanche knowledge, winter equipment and experience with severe mountain weather.
⚠️ Mountain Safety and Access
Azerbaijan’s mountains require more access planning than many established hiking destinations.
Important precautions include:
- Check whether national-park permission is required.
- Obtain border-zone authorization where applicable.
- Do not approach international borders without confirming the permitted route.
- Use a qualified local guide for high or remote summits.
- Carry offline maps and a separate navigation device.
- Expect limited mobile-phone coverage.
- Start high-altitude routes early to avoid afternoon storms.
- Carry warm, waterproof clothing in every season.
- Allow time for acclimatization before climbing above 3,500 meters.
- Keep a safe distance from livestock guardian dogs.
- Do not enter military roads, tunnels, abandoned buildings or restricted valleys.
- Never leave approved roads in areas potentially affected by landmines.
Travel conditions around the borders with Armenia and Iran, as well as in territories affected by previous conflict, can change rapidly. Landmines and unexploded ordnance remain a serious danger in several regions. Current government guidance must take priority over older maps, guidebooks or online hiking reports.
🏘️ Mountains and Culture
Azerbaijan’s mountains have preserved communities, languages and customs that differ significantly from those of the Caspian lowlands.
The northern mountains are home to Lezgin, Khinalug and other culturally distinctive communities. Traditional livelihoods have included sheep and cattle grazing, seasonal movement between pastures, weaving, food production and trade across mountain passes.
Historic mountain settlements and monuments include:
- Khinalig village
- Lahic
- Sheki and its surrounding foothills
- Alinja Castle
- Mountain pilgrimage routes on Babadag
- Gamigaya petroglyphs
- Villages of the Quba and Qusar highlands
Stone houses, narrow lanes, terraced slopes and defensive architecture reflect the practical demands of living in difficult mountain terrain.
💡 Interesting Facts About Azerbaijan’s Mountains
- Mountains cover approximately 60 percent of Azerbaijan.
- Bazardüzü is the highest point in both Azerbaijan and the Russian Republic of Dagestan.
- Several Azerbaijani peaks exceed 4,000 meters.
- The country contains small glaciers in the eastern Greater Caucasus.
- Mount Kapaz and Lake Göygöl are associated with a major earthquake in 1139.
- The Talysh Mountains contain part of the ancient Hyrcanian forest ecosystem.
- Nakhchivan contains both high summits and deeply eroded semi-desert mountain landscapes.
- Babadag is an important pilgrimage mountain.
- Khinalig is among the highest continuously inhabited settlements in the Caucasus.
- The names Shahdag and Tufandag translate approximately as “King Mountain” and “Storm Mountain.”
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is the highest mountain in Azerbaijan?
Mount Bazardüzü is the highest mountain in Azerbaijan. It reaches 4,466 meters, or 14,652 feet, on the border with Russia.
What is the second-highest mountain in Azerbaijan?
Mount Shahdagh, at 4,243 meters, is generally listed as the country’s second-highest major named summit.
Are the mountains of Azerbaijan part of Europe or Asia?
Azerbaijan lies at the meeting point of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The Greater Caucasus is frequently used as part of the conventional boundary between the continents, so classifications vary.
What are the three main mountain systems in Azerbaijan?
The country’s principal systems are the Greater Caucasus, Lesser Caucasus and Talysh Mountains. Nakhchivan also contains major sections of the Zangezur and Daralayaz ranges.
Can visitors climb Mount Bazardüzü?
Experienced hikers can climb Bazardüzü by its standard summer route, but advance permission and professional local guidance are required. Altitude and remote conditions make it a serious expedition.
What is the best area for hiking in Azerbaijan?
The Greater Caucasus villages around Khinalig, Laza, Griz and Galakhudat offer some of the best-established hiking opportunities. Göygöl and the Talysh region provide lower-elevation alternatives.
Does Azerbaijan have glaciers?
Yes. Small glaciers and permanent snowfields occur around the highest peaks of the Greater Caucasus, including Bazardüzü, Shahdagh and Tufandag.
Can you ski in Azerbaijan?
Yes. Shahdag and Tufandag mountain resorts are the country’s principal developed ski areas.
Are all mountain regions open to visitors?
No. Some mountains are within protected areas, border zones, military regions or landmine-contaminated territories. Access must be checked for each destination.
🔗 Related Mountain Guides
- Caucasus Mountains
- Caucasus Minor
- Mountains in Asia
- Highest Mountains in Asia
- Mountains by Country
- Mountains by Continent
- Mountain Ranges
- Hiking & Climbing
- Mount Bazardüzü
- Mount Shahdagh
- Mount Tufandag
- Murovdag Range
- Talysh Mountains
- Mountains of Nakhchivan
- Highest Mountains in Azerbaijan
Sources
- Azerbaijan.az — General Information on the Nature of Azerbaijan — Official overview of the country’s mountain systems, elevations, geology and climate. (Azerbaijan)
- Azerbaijan Travel — Climb Azerbaijan’s Highest Mountain — Bazardüzü elevation, location, climbing access and permit requirements. (Azerbaijan Travel)
- Mountains of Azerbaijan — Cross-reference for major peaks, ranges and commonly reported elevations. (Wikipedia)
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre — Hyrcanian Forests — Ecology and protection of the Hyrcanian forests in southeastern Azerbaijan. (UNESCO World Heritage Centre)
- U.S. Department of State — Azerbaijan Travel Advisory — Current warnings concerning border regions, landmines, unexploded ordnance and restricted areas. (travel.state.gov)
