Lebanon is one of the smallest countries in Asia, yet mountains dominate much of its landscape. High limestone plateaus rise only a short distance from the Mediterranean Sea, snow covers the loftiest summits in winter, cedar forests cling to rocky slopes, and deep valleys cut through the western mountain chain.
The country’s highest point is Qurnat as Sawda, also written Qornet es-Sawda or Qurnat al-Sawda. It reaches 3,088 meters (10,131 feet) in the northern Mount Lebanon range and is generally recognized as the highest summit in the Levant.
Two nearly parallel mountain systems shape the country. The Mount Lebanon range rises between the Mediterranean coast and the Beqaa Valley, while the Anti-Lebanon Mountains extend along much of the border with Syria. Between them lies the fertile Beqaa Valley, an elevated agricultural basin surrounded by rugged ridges.
From Qurnat as Sawda and Mount Sannine to the cedar-covered slopes of Barouk and the cliffs of the Qadisha Valley, Lebanon’s mountains combine natural beauty, ancient history, religious heritage, farming traditions, and outdoor recreation within a remarkably compact area.
🏔️ Overview
Lebanon’s physical geography is commonly divided into four long, north–south regions:
- The narrow Mediterranean coastal plain
- The Mount Lebanon range
- The Beqaa Valley
- The Anti-Lebanon Mountains
The Mount Lebanon range forms the country’s most prominent mountain spine. It extends for approximately 160 to 170 kilometers from the northern border toward southern Lebanon. Its western slopes descend toward the Mediterranean, while its generally steeper eastern slopes fall toward the Beqaa Valley.
The range reaches its greatest elevation in the Jabal al-Makmel, or Makmel massif, of northern Lebanon. Here, Qurnat as Sawda rises above a broad high-elevation landscape of pale limestone, rocky ridges, sinkholes, lingering snowfields, and sparsely vegetated plateaus.
Farther south, the range includes the Sannine, Knayseh, Barouk, Niha, and other mountain districts. Elevations gradually decrease toward southern Lebanon, although the terrain remains rugged.
East of the Beqaa Valley, the Anti-Lebanon Mountains form a drier and more sparsely forested chain. Their southern end includes the Mount Hermon massif, one of the most prominent mountain landmarks in the eastern Mediterranean.
⚡ Fast Facts
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Continent | Asia |
| Region | Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant |
| Highest mountain | Qurnat as Sawda |
| Highest elevation | 3,088 m / 10,131 ft |
| Highest mountain region | Jabal al-Makmel |
| Major western range | Mount Lebanon |
| Major eastern range | Anti-Lebanon Mountains |
| Major interior valley | Beqaa Valley |
| Principal rock types | Limestone, dolomite, chalk, sandstone, and marl |
| Most famous tree | Cedar of Lebanon |
| Major long-distance route | Lebanon Mountain Trail |
| Notable protected areas | Shouf Biosphere Reserve, Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve, Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve, and Horsh Ehden Nature Reserve |
| Important World Heritage landscape | Qadisha Valley and the Forest of the Cedars of God |
| Typical high-mountain season | Late spring through autumn, depending on snow and access |
| Major hazards | Winter storms, snow, heat, dehydration, navigation difficulties, rockfall, lightning, remote terrain, and changing security conditions |
📏 Ten Highest Recorded Mountain Points in Lebanon
Creating a definitive list of Lebanon’s ten highest independent mountains is difficult. The northern Makmel massif contains numerous closely connected summit points, many of which have little separation or prominence from one another. Different maps also use varying spellings and elevations.
The following table therefore presents the ten highest named mountain points recorded in the GeoNames gazetteer. It should be understood as a ranking of mapped high points rather than ten separate, independent mountains.
| Rank | Mountain Point | Elevation | Mountain Region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qornet es Saouda, or Qurnat as Sawda | 3,088 m / 10,131 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, Mount Lebanon |
| 2 | Qornet es Saouda secondary mapped point | 3,083 m / 10,115 ft | Qurnat as Sawda summit area |
| 3 | Ez Znanir | 3,073 m / 10,082 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, Mount Lebanon |
| 4 | Er Rahal | 2,954 m / 9,692 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, North Lebanon |
| 5 | Tallet Ouadi er Rjoum | 2,938 m / 9,639 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, North Lebanon |
| 6 | Tallet el Ouata | 2,934 m / 9,626 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, North Lebanon |
| 7 | Machraa Tourmous | 2,932 m / 9,619 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, North Lebanon |
| 8 | Msakham | 2,912 m / 9,554 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, North Lebanon |
| 9 | Dahr Qloussia | 2,845 m / 9,334 ft | Jabal al-Makmel, North Lebanon |
| 10 | Harf Ain el Baida | 2,839 m / 9,314 ft | Northern mountains, Baalbek-Hermel |
Nearly all of these points belong to the broad Makmel summit region. This concentration explains why familiar mountains such as Mount Sannine and Mount Barouk do not appear in the table even though they are among Lebanon’s most distinct and important mountain massifs.
Mount Hermon reaches approximately 2,814 meters (9,232 feet), but its highest summit lies on the complex Lebanon–Syria frontier. The highest point of the Anti-Lebanon range located more clearly within the Lebanese mountain sector is often identified as Ras Wadi Hajar, at approximately 2,629 meters.
🗺️ Where Are the Mountains in Lebanon?
Lebanon’s mountains extend through most of the country from north to south.
Northern Lebanon
Northern Lebanon contains the country’s highest terrain. Jabal al-Makmel rises above Bsharri, Danniyeh, Ehden, and the upper Qadisha Valley.
Important northern mountain landscapes include:
- Qurnat as Sawda
- The Makmel massif
- The Qadisha Valley
- Cedars of God
- Horsh Ehden Nature Reserve
- Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve
- The highlands around Bsharri and the Cedars ski area
- The mountains of Akkar
The highest elevations are generally open, rocky, and treeless. Forests and villages occupy lower slopes, valleys, and sheltered basins.
Central Lebanon
Central Lebanon contains Mount Sannine, Mzaar, Faqra, Baskinta, Laqlouq, Afqa, and several of the country’s best-known mountain towns and recreation areas.
This section of the range rises steeply behind the densely populated coastal corridor around Beirut, Jounieh, and Byblos. In clear conditions, some high viewpoints provide broad panoramas extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Beqaa Valley.
Southern Mount Lebanon
The range becomes lower toward the south but remains deeply divided by valleys and ridges. The Barouk and Niha mountains are among the most important landscapes in this region.
The Barouk massif supports some of Lebanon’s largest surviving cedar forests and forms the heart of the Shouf Biosphere Reserve.
Eastern Lebanon
The Anti-Lebanon Mountains rise east of the Beqaa Valley and extend along much of Lebanon’s border with Syria.
This range is generally drier than Mount Lebanon because it lies farther from the Mediterranean and behind the higher western chain. Its landscapes include broad limestone ridges, dry valleys, exposed plateaus, scattered woodland, orchards, and high winter snowfields.
⛰️ Major Mountain Ranges and Massifs
Mount Lebanon Range
The Mount Lebanon range is the dominant mountain chain in the country. Its name is sometimes used for the entire range and sometimes for the administrative region surrounding its central section.
Moist air moving inland from the Mediterranean rises across the western slopes, producing rain and winter snow. This moisture supports forests, springs, seasonal streams, orchards, and terraced agriculture.
The western side contains numerous deep valleys draining toward the sea. The eastern slopes descend more abruptly into the Beqaa Valley.
Jabal al-Makmel
Jabal al-Makmel is the highest section of Mount Lebanon. It contains Qurnat as Sawda and most of the country’s summit points above 2,800 meters.
Rather than forming a single sharply pointed mountain, much of Makmel consists of high ridges, rounded domes, rocky depressions, and broad limestone plateaus. Karst processes have produced sinkholes, fissures, caves, and underground drainage systems.
The western side overlooks the Qadisha Valley and the cedar forests near Bsharri. The eastern slopes descend toward the northern Beqaa and Baalbek-Hermel region.
Mount Sannine
Mount Sannine is one of Lebanon’s most recognizable mountains. Its highest point is generally given as approximately 2,628 meters, although some maps and older references provide slightly different figures.
The massif rises east of Beirut and is frequently visible from the coast. Snow often covers its broad upper slopes in winter and spring.
Sannine is important for:
- Winter snow accumulation
- Mountain springs
- Hiking and ski touring
- Panoramic views
- High limestone habitats
- The visual landscape of central Lebanon
The massif connects with the wider highlands around Baskinta, Zaarour, Kfardebian, and the northern Beqaa.
Mzaar and Kfardebian
Mzaar Mountain rises within the central Mount Lebanon highlands near Kfardebian. The surrounding district contains one of the country’s most developed winter recreation areas.
The landscape includes exposed ridges, ski slopes, limestone formations, high roads, and archaeological sites. The nearby ruins at Faqra include Roman temples and other ancient structures set against the mountain skyline.
Mount Knayseh
Mount Knayseh, also written Kneisse or Knaisseh, forms another section of the central Mount Lebanon chain. Its highest mapped point is around 2,090 meters.
The mountain stands between the Sannine region and the Barouk highlands. Open summit terrain contrasts with forests, agricultural terraces, and villages on the lower slopes.
Mount Barouk
Mount Barouk reaches approximately 1,950 meters at its highest point. Although considerably lower than Qurnat as Sawda or Sannine, it is one of Lebanon’s most ecologically significant mountains.
The Barouk massif contains extensive cedar forests and forms the central landscape of the Shouf Biosphere Reserve. From its crest, the terrain descends westward toward the Shouf and eastward toward the Beqaa Valley.
Niha Mountains
The Niha highlands form part of southern Mount Lebanon. They contain rugged limestone cliffs, valleys, caves, forests, and historical sites.
The mountains around Niha and Jezzine create a transition between the high Mount Lebanon chain and the lower hill country of southern Lebanon.
Anti-Lebanon Mountains
The Anti-Lebanon Mountains run roughly parallel to Mount Lebanon on the eastern side of the Beqaa Valley. The range is approximately 150 kilometers long and forms much of the Lebanon–Syria frontier.
Its predominant rocks include limestone and chalk. The terrain is generally more open and arid than the western range, although forests, shrubs, orchards, and alpine plant communities occur in suitable locations.
Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon, or Jabal al-Shaykh, forms the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon system.
Its main summit reaches approximately 2,814 meters. The mountain has several high summits, and its political geography is complicated because it occupies the Lebanon–Syria border region while its southern slopes extend toward the occupied Golan Heights.
Hermon captures substantial winter precipitation. Snowmelt infiltrates its fractured limestone, feeding springs and streams that contribute to important regional watersheds.
The massif also has deep historical and religious significance, with ancient temples, archaeological sites, and references in several religious traditions.
🪨 Geology
Lebanon’s mountains are closely associated with the tectonic forces that created the eastern Mediterranean landscape.
The country lies near the boundary of the Arabian Plate and the Dead Sea Transform fault system. Movement along faults, combined with folding and uplift, raised thick layers of sedimentary rock that had originally formed in ancient marine environments.
Common mountain rocks include:
- Limestone
- Dolomite
- Chalk
- Marl
- Sandstone
Limestone dominates many of the highest and most dramatic landscapes. Over time, slightly acidic rain and groundwater have dissolved the rock, creating karst terrain.
Karst features in Lebanon include:
- Caves
- Sinkholes
- Underground streams
- Springs
- Limestone pavements
- Solution channels
- Rocky depressions
The famous Jeita Grotto is one of the country’s best-known cave systems, while high plateaus such as Makmel contain numerous smaller karst features.
Faulting and erosion have also helped create the steep valleys of Qadisha, Nahr Ibrahim, and other rivers draining the western range.
💧 Mountains, Snow, and Water
Lebanon’s mountains are critical to the country’s water supply.
Moisture arriving from the Mediterranean is forced upward by the Mount Lebanon range. As the air rises and cools, it produces rain and, at higher elevations, winter snow.
Snow can accumulate deeply on the upper mountains. During spring and early summer, melting snow enters rivers, springs, reservoirs, and underground karst systems.
Mountain water supports:
- Towns and villages
- Orchards and vineyards
- Irrigated agriculture
- Forest ecosystems
- Wetlands
- Rivers flowing toward the Mediterranean
- Agriculture in the Beqaa Valley
The mountains also create a rain-shadow effect. The Beqaa Valley and Anti-Lebanon generally receive less maritime moisture than the western slopes, while areas farther east become increasingly dry.
🌿 Cedar Forests, Flora, and Fauna
The cedar of Lebanon, or Cedrus libani, is the country’s best-known plant. The tree appears on Lebanon’s national flag and has been associated with the mountains for thousands of years.
Extensive ancient cedar forests once covered portions of the region. Timber harvesting, grazing, fire, agricultural expansion, and settlement greatly reduced their extent, but important groves survive in protected areas.
Cedars of God
The Forest of the Cedars of God, or Horsh Arz el-Rab, lies near Bsharri at the foot of the Makmel massif. It forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage property that also includes the Qadisha Valley.
The grove contains some of Lebanon’s most famous old cedar trees and occupies an elevated setting beneath the barren upper mountains.
Shouf Cedar Forests
The Shouf Biosphere Reserve protects a large mountain landscape along the Barouk and Niha ridges. Its cedar forests are among the largest remaining stands in Lebanon.
The reserve contains habitats ranging from lower Mediterranean woodland to exposed high-mountain terrain.
Tannourine Cedar Forest
Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve protects a dense cedar woodland in northern Mount Lebanon. Trails pass through forested slopes beneath cliffs and rocky mountain ridges.
Horsh Ehden
Horsh Ehden Nature Reserve lies on the upper slopes above Ehden. Its varied elevations and terrain support a rich mixture of coniferous woodland, deciduous trees, rocky habitats, and mountain plant communities.
Other characteristic mountain trees and shrubs include:
- Cilician fir
- Juniper
- Oak
- Pine
- Maple
- Wild fruit trees
- Mediterranean shrubs
Lebanon’s mountain habitats support mammals, reptiles, insects, and resident and migratory birds. Foxes, wild boar, rock hyraxes, small carnivores, and birds of prey occur in suitable areas, although wildlife is often secretive and unevenly distributed.
🥾 Hiking and Trekking
Lebanon offers an exceptional variety of hiking landscapes within short distances. Routes pass through cedar forests, limestone gorges, orchards, high plateaus, monasteries, villages, archaeological sites, and snow-covered mountains.
Lebanon Mountain Trail
The Lebanon Mountain Trail is the country’s principal long-distance hiking route.
The wider trail system now covers approximately 600 kilometers when the main route, side trails, and network trails are combined. It connects mountain communities from northern Lebanon toward the south.
Sections of the trail pass through or near:
- Akkar
- Ehden
- Qadisha Valley
- Bsharri
- Tannourine
- Afqa
- Baskinta
- Falougha
- Barouk
- Niha
- Jezzine
- Rashaya
- Hasbaya
The trail can be experienced through day hikes, multi-day sections, or longer supported journeys. Conditions, markings, accommodation, and access vary between regions.
Qurnat as Sawda
Routes to Qurnat as Sawda cross an exposed high-elevation plateau. Summer approaches may follow rough mountain roads or tracks from the Cedars and Danniyeh sides.
The summit itself is not normally considered a highly technical summer climb, but the environment can be serious. Navigation may be difficult in fog, water is limited, shelter is scarce, and sudden weather changes are possible.
Winter and spring ascents require snow travel experience. Deep snow, cornices, whiteout conditions, avalanches, and strong winds may occur.
Qadisha Valley
The Qadisha Valley contains some of Lebanon’s most memorable cultural hiking routes.
Trails descend beneath limestone cliffs and connect historic monasteries, hermitages, caves, villages, forests, and the Qadisha River. Some routes include steep or uneven sections, and summer temperatures can become hot within the gorge.
Shouf Biosphere Reserve
The Shouf region offers marked walks through cedar forests and across the Barouk highlands. Routes range from short forest paths to longer traverses connecting mountain villages and reserve entrances.
Jabal Moussa
Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve rises on the western side of Mount Lebanon overlooking the Mediterranean. Its trail network combines forests, cliffs, old agricultural terraces, archaeological remains, and broad mountain views.
Baskinta and Sannine
The Baskinta region provides access to villages, literary and cultural sites, valleys, and routes beneath Mount Sannine. Higher routes may remain snow-covered long after spring has arrived along the coast.
🏔️ Field Guide Tip: Elevation changes happen quickly in Lebanon. A warm day beside the Mediterranean does not guarantee warm or calm conditions on a 2,000- or 3,000-meter summit. Carry mountain layers even when starting in hot weather.
🎿 Skiing and Winter Recreation
Lebanon is one of the few countries in the eastern Mediterranean with established ski areas.
The best-known winter districts include:
- Mzaar–Kfardebian
- The Cedars
- Laqlouq
- Zaarour
- Faqra
Snow conditions vary considerably from year to year. The ski season commonly depends on winter storm cycles, elevation, slope aspect, and available facilities rather than following fixed dates.
Beyond resort skiing, experienced mountain travelers may find opportunities for snowshoeing, ski touring, and winter mountaineering. These activities require careful avalanche assessment, navigation skills, suitable equipment, and local knowledge.
🌤️ Best Time to Visit
The best season depends on elevation and activity.
Spring
Spring brings flowing streams, wildflowers, green lower slopes, and lingering snow on the high summits.
Lower and middle elevations may be excellent for hiking, but high routes can still require winter equipment. Melting snow may also make trails wet or unstable.
Summer
Summer is usually the most accessible season for Qurnat as Sawda and other high summits.
The mountains are cooler than the coast, but exposed plateaus can still become hot and dry. Shade and water may be limited above the treeline.
Autumn
Early autumn often provides stable hiking weather, clear views, and cooler temperatures. Forested areas begin to display seasonal color, while high trails generally remain open until the first significant snowfall.
Winter
Winter transforms the upper mountains into serious snow terrain. Ski resorts operate when conditions allow, but many summer roads and trails become inaccessible.
Storms can bring deep snow, strong winds, fog, ice, and avalanche danger.
⚠️ Mountain Safety and Travel Conditions
Lebanon’s mountains should not be underestimated. Roads and villages may be close on a map, but steep terrain, poor visibility, snow, and limited rescue access can make emergencies difficult.
Important precautions include:
- Check the weather before leaving
- Confirm that roads and trails are open
- Use a reliable offline map
- Carry more water than expected
- Start early during hot weather
- Bring warm and waterproof layers
- Avoid exposed ridges during thunderstorms
- Do not enter caves or sinkholes without specialist equipment
- Hire a qualified local guide for remote or winter routes
- Stay on established trails in areas where unexploded ordnance may be present
- Avoid photographing military positions or sensitive infrastructure
- Tell someone your route and expected return time
Important travel note: As of July 2026, the U.S. Department of State lists Lebanon at Level 4: Do Not Travel, citing armed conflict, terrorism, kidnapping, unrest, landmines, and other risks. Conditions can change rapidly, particularly near the Syrian border and in southern Lebanon. Travelers should consult current official advisories rather than relying on an evergreen hiking guide. (U.S. Department of State – Travel)
🧭 Notable Mountain Destinations
Qurnat as Sawda
Lebanon’s highest point and the centerpiece of its northern alpine landscape.
Qadisha Valley
A spectacular limestone gorge containing monasteries, caves, trails, villages, and cedar forests.
Cedars of God
One of the country’s most important natural and cultural landmarks.
Mount Sannine
A broad central massif known for snow, springs, high viewpoints, and its prominent position above the coast.
Mzaar–Kfardebian
A major mountain recreation district with skiing, hiking, high roads, and archaeological sites.
Shouf Biosphere Reserve
An extensive protected landscape containing cedar forests and the Barouk mountain ridge.
Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve
A dramatic combination of cedar woodland, cliffs, and northern mountain scenery.
Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve
A protected western Mount Lebanon landscape combining biodiversity, archaeology, and hiking.
Ehden and Horsh Ehden
A historic mountain town and nature reserve beneath the high northern peaks.
Mount Hermon
A vast and historically important massif at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, although access and security conditions require particular care.
💡 Fun Facts
- Qurnat as Sawda is the highest point in both Lebanon and the wider Levant.
- Several different spellings of Qurnat as Sawda appear on maps, including Qornet es-Sawda, Qurnat al-Sawda, and Qornet el-Saouda.
- The highest ten gazetteer-listed points in Lebanon are concentrated within or near the Makmel massif.
- Snow-covered mountains can sometimes be seen from the Mediterranean coast.
- Lebanon’s flag features a cedar tree inspired by the country’s mountain forests.
- The Mount Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon ranges run almost parallel to one another.
- The Beqaa Valley lies between the two principal mountain chains.
- Deep limestone caves and underground drainage systems are characteristic of Lebanon’s karst geology.
- The Qadisha Valley and Cedars of God form a combined UNESCO World Heritage property.
- Lebanon’s mountain landscapes include Mediterranean forest, cedar woodland, exposed limestone plateau, agricultural terraces, and high alpine-like terrain.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is the highest mountain in Lebanon?
Qurnat as Sawda is the highest mountain in Lebanon. It reaches 3,088 meters, or 10,131 feet, in the Jabal al-Makmel section of the Mount Lebanon range.
Is Qurnat as Sawda the highest mountain in the Middle East?
Definitions of the Middle East vary, and several mountains in Turkey, Iran, Yemen, and Iraq are higher. Qurnat as Sawda is more accurately described as the highest point in Lebanon and the Levant.
What are the two major mountain ranges in Lebanon?
The two principal ranges are Mount Lebanon in the west and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains in the east. The Beqaa Valley separates them.
Is Mount Hermon in Lebanon?
The Mount Hermon massif occupies a complex border region. Its highest summit lies on the Lebanon–Syria frontier, while the southern slopes extend toward the occupied Golan Heights.
Does Lebanon receive snow?
Yes. Snow falls regularly on the higher mountains during winter. The deepest and most persistent snow generally occurs on Qurnat as Sawda, Makmel, Sannine, Mzaar, and other high northern and central summits.
Can you ski in Lebanon?
Yes. Lebanon has several developed ski areas, including Mzaar–Kfardebian, the Cedars, Laqlouq, and Zaarour. Operations and snow coverage vary by winter.
Can beginners hike Qurnat as Sawda?
The normal summer approach is not usually technical, but the summit is high, exposed, dry, and vulnerable to sudden weather changes. Beginners should travel with an experienced local guide.
What is the Lebanon Mountain Trail?
The Lebanon Mountain Trail is a long-distance hiking network crossing the country’s mountain communities from north to south. The complete network includes approximately 600 kilometers of main, side, and local trails.
Where are Lebanon’s cedar forests?
Important cedar forests survive near Bsharri, Tannourine, Ehden, Barouk, and Maasser el-Shouf. Several are protected within nature reserves or UNESCO-designated landscapes.
What is the best mountain destination in Lebanon?
Qadisha and Bsharri are ideal for a combination of scenery, cedar forests, history, and hiking. Qurnat as Sawda is best for high-altitude terrain, while the Shouf region is particularly important for cedar forests and conservation.
🔗 Related Articles
- Mountains in Asia
- Highest Mountains in Asia
- Mountains by Country
- Mountain Ranges
- Mountains in Jordan
- Mountains in Israel
- Mountains in Iraq
- Mountains in Turkey
- Mountains in Iran
📚 Sources
- GeoNames — Highest Mountains in Lebanon — Gazetteer elevations, coordinates, and the ten highest recorded named mountain points. (GeoNames)
- Peakbagger — Middle East Country High Points — Independent confirmation of Qurnat as Sawda as Lebanon’s 3,088-meter national high point. (Peakbagger)
- PeakVisor — Lebanon Mountains — Overview of Lebanon’s topography, ranges, geology, climate, karst landscapes, and ecology. (PeakVisor App)
- The Mountains Magazine — Mountains of Lebanon: The Parallel Ranges — Local descriptions and elevations for the Makmel, Sannine, Knayseh, Barouk, Niha, and Anti-Lebanon mountain districts. (The Mountains Magazine)
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre — Qadisha Valley and the Forest of the Cedars of God — Location, heritage, and mountain setting of Qadisha and the Cedars of God. (UNESCO World Heritage Centre)
- UNESCO — Shouf Biosphere Reserve — Geography, conservation, and ecological significance of the Barouk and Shouf mountain landscape. (UNESCO)
- UNESCO — Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve — Protected mountain landscape, archaeology, and biodiversity on the western slopes of Mount Lebanon. (UNESCO)
- Lebanon Mountain Trail Association — Official information about the Lebanon Mountain Trail and its expanded trail network. (Lebanon Mountain Trail)
- U.S. Department of State — Lebanon Travel Advisory — Current travel, security, landmine, border, and emergency-access guidance. (U.S. Department of State – Travel)
